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Q10. A) Describe measures which may be taken to improve the stability or trim of a damaged ship. (6)

B) A watertight bulkhead is 8m high and is supported by vertical stiffeners 700mm apart, connected at the tank top by brackets having 10 rivets 20mm diameter. The bulkhead is flooded to its top edge with sea water. Determine:

(a) Shearing force at top of stiffeners,

(b) Shear stress in the rivets,

(c) Position of zero shear. (10)

Q6. A ship 90 m long displaces 5200 tonne and floats at draughts of 4.95m forward and 5.35 m aft when in sea water of 1023 kg/m3. The water plane area is 1100m2, GML 95m, LCB 0.6m forward of midships and LCF 2.2m aft of midships. Calculate the new draughts when the vessel moves into fresh water of 1002 kg/m3

Q6. A. Describe the effect of cavitation’s on the propeller blades.

b) A ship has a constant cross-section in the form of a triangle which floats apex down in sea water. The ship is 85 m tong, 12 m wide at the deck and has a depth from keel to deck of 9 m. Draw the displacement curve using 1.25 m Intervals of draught from the keel to the 7 .5m waterline. From this curve obtain the Displacement in fresh water at a draught of 6.50 m. (10)

Q9. A. Describe how the force on the ship’s bottom and the GM vary when grounding takes place.

Q7. A box barge 45 m long and 15 m wide floats at a level keel draught of 2 m in sea water, the load being uniformly distributed over the full length. Two masses, each of 30 tonne, are loaded at 10 m from each end and 50 tonne is evenly distributed between them. Sketch the shear force diagram and give the maximum shear force.

Q10. The following data are available from the hydrostatic curves of a vessel.

Draught (m)
KB (m)

KM (m)
I (m4)
4.9
2.49

10.73
65250
5.2
2.61

10.79
68860
Calculate the TPC at a draught of 5.05m. (16)

Q6. A. Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the upright in each case. (6)

B. A propeller has a pitch ratio of 0.95. When turning at 120 rev/min the real slip is 30%, the wake fraction 0.28 and the ship speed 16 knots. The thrust is found to be 400 KN, the torque 270 KN-m and the QPC 0.67. Calculate: (10)

i. The propeller diameter.

ii. The shaft power.

iii the propeller efficiency.

iv. The thrust deduction factor.

Q6. (a) What is the significance of GM-GZ curve. (6)

(b) The pitch of a propeller is measured by means of a batten and cord. The horizontal ordinate is found to be 40 cm while the vertical ordinate 1.15 m at a distance of 2.6 m from the centre of the boss. Calculate the pitch of the propeller and the blade width at that point. (10)

Q9. A ship's speed is increased by 20% above normal for 8 hours, reduced by 10% below normal for 10 hours and for the remaining 6 hours of the day the speed is normal. Calculate the percentage variation in fuel consumption that day from normal.

Q8. (a) Compare Direct current with Alternating current. (6)

(b) A four-pole generator has a flux of 12 mWb/pole. Calculate the value of e.m.f. generated in one of the armature conductors, if the armature is driven at 900 rev/min. (10)

Q9. a) Sketch a schematic arrangement of a three-phase alternator with star connection. (6)

b) A 500V, 3-phase, star-connected alternator supplies a star-connected induction motor which develops 45kW. The efficiency of the motor is 88 percent and the power factor is 0.9 (lagging). The efficiency of the alternator at this load is 80 percent. Determine

a) the line current

b) the power output of the alternator

c) the output power of the prime-mover.  (10)

Q7. (a) Compare constant current method and constant voltage method of charging batteries. (6)
(b) A 24V emergency battery is to be charged from the 110V ship's mains when the e.m.f. per cell has fallen to a minimum value of 1.8V. The battery consists of 12 cells in series, has a capacity of 100 Ahr at a 10 hr rate and the internal resistance is 0.03Ω/cell. If charging continues until the voltage per cell rises to 2.2V, find the value of the variable resistor needed to control the charging. The charging current can be assumed to be equal to the maximum allowable discharge current (10)

Q6. (a) Explain the principle of conservation of charge and its relationship to Kirchoff's current law. (6)

(b) The open-circuit voltage of a cell as measured by a voltmeter of 100 ohm resistance, was 1.5 V, and the p.d. when supplying current to a 10 ohm resistance was 1.25 V, measured by the same voltmeter. Determine the e.m.f. and internal resistance of the cell. (10)