DieselShip's Online Content Library

Q1. Draw and describe the construction of a forepeak tank. Explain how are the effects of panting and pounding taken care with help of neat sketches?

Q4. Prepare a proposal for safe manning requirements for a ship of your choice taking into account the IMO guidelines on the issue, also considering frequent port calls, rest hour management and high-risk areas.

Q5. With reference to large two stroke engine:

(a) Explain how abnormal and excessive cylinder liner wear caused, state how it can be detected;

(b) explain the effects and consequences of excessive cylinder liner wear;

(c) explain how abnormal cylinder linear wear may be prevented.

Q4. What is the meant by "excitation" in an alternator? With the help of a neat diagram of brushless alternator labelling all the important parts. explain how the excitation is achieved in a brushless alternator.

Q5. Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine. Give possible reasons for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension.

Q3. With respect to the properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following terms.

(a) Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Inbox (CCAI).

(b) Open flash point and Closed flash point.

(c) The importance of Sodium to Vanadium Ratio.

(d) Octane Number.

Q2.A. Describe the arrangement of tank top and double bottom in the machinery space making particular reference to the structure and scantlings below the main engine.

B. Show the method adopted in the arrangement of D.B. tanks to avoid contamination of fresh water, fuel oil and lube oil stored in D.B. tanks.

Q2. (a) Describe with the aid of sketch the release arrangement for a machinery space fixed firefighting installation using CO2. State in your answer any special need for rapid delivery of the gas and the time permitted for discharge.

(b) Explain precaution to be taken prior release of CO2.

(c) Explain the reason for securing the CO2 bottles, and what checks are carried out with respect to securing for smooth operation of the system.

Q2. When ship is in dry dock, as a Second Engineer, describe inspections you would make prior to the start of work, during the work and after completion of the work of the following:

(a) Large sea water inlet chest and valves;

(b) Forward end of ship;

(c) Propeller and stern bush;

Q2. Explain the methods used to control the speed of a 3 Phase induction motors. Draw and Explain a Variable Frequency Drive used for optimization of energy efficiency of auxiliary machineries on board vessels.

Q6. With reference to bridge control of a large slow speed propulsion engine.

A. How is starting and reversing achieved?

B. Investigate and suggest remedial action required if the engine,

(i) Fails to turn on air.

(ii) Turns on air but fails to fire on fuel;

(iii) Fails to reverse.

Q2. Describe how you, as a Second Engineer, would prepare an auxiliary boiler for survey by a classification society.

Q3 (a) Sketch and explain any two methods used to prevent the distortion of ships plates and frames during major welded hull repairs in dry dock.

(b). Explain how EACH of the following hull defects should be dealt with;

(i). A cracked weld;

(ii). A severe indentation in way of a frame;

(iii). Surfaces suffering from general corrosion although the extent of wastage does not warrant plate replacement;

(iv). A bilge head fractured at the forward end.

Q3. A. Explain what is meant by permissible length of compartments in passenger ships;

B. Describe how the position of bulkheads is determined.

C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision.

Q4. (a) Describe the operating mechanism for a watertight door, which has provision for remote closure from the bridge and local operation.

(b) State the source of power for closure of electrical and the source of power for alarm and indicator.

Q3. A. Explain why it is necessary to have reverse power protection for alternators intended for operation.

B.(i) Sketch a reverse power trip; (ii) Explain briefly the principle on which the operation of this power trip is based and how tripping is activated.

Q3. (a) Describe the procedure for checking and adjusting the timing of a main engine fuel injection pump.

(b) Explain how diesel engine power balance is achieved, stating why it is essential.

Q4. Sketch a sealing arrangement for an oil lubricated stern tube.

a) Identify the common forms of seal failure. (6)

b) State how oil loss due to seal failure can be restricted whilst on passage. (5)

c) What is the material used for sealing rings and propeller shaft liner? (5)

Q1. (a) What is significance of the area under the curve of statical stability or the GZ curve? Explain using a neat diagram, how this curve is used to assess the stability of the ship against a heeling arm.

(b) In a grain carrier, how the shifting of grain affects the curve of statical stability. With a neat diagram explain the existing minimum criteria for stability of grain carrying ships. (8).

Q2. With reference to free fall lifeboat of an ocean-going ship:

A. Periodical maintenance, tests and checks on lifeboat and releasing gear.

B. Secondary means of lowering.

C.  Lifeboat Drills.

Q8.  Describe the procedure to be undertaken when, upon a routine schedule for changing fuel injector on a main engine, it is found that the injector body is seized and cannot be removed by conventional means

Q3. A. Sketch a standby battery charging/discharging circuit;

B. Describe the circuit sketched, making special reference to how battery charge is maintained and how it operates upon loss of main power.

Q4. State how EACH of the following defects becomes apparent, describe its effect on engine operation or safety and indicate the corrective action required to restore normal engine condition;

A. Leaking air inlet and exhaust valves;            B. Leaking air start valve;

C. Cracked cylinder liner;                              D. Broken piston rings

Q4. (a) Discuss the principle, different methodologies, advantages, limitations & applications of Ultrasonic testing.

(b) Explain how Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT) is carried out in different ways? State its advantages, limitations and applications

Q4. With reference to Underwater Inspection in lieu of Dry  docking (UWILD)

A. Explain in detail, how an underwater survey is carried out;

B. State the requirements to be fulfilled before an underwater survey is acceptable to the survey authority.

C. Construct a list of the items in order of importance that the underwater survey authority should include.

Q7. With reference to the SOLAS 1974/1978 Convention as amended, which outlines mandatory requirements for steering gear tests and drills?

A. Describe the test procedure to be carried out within the, 12 hours before departure on a sea-voyage;

B. Describe the emergency steering drills that must take place at least once every, 3 months;

C.  State how often the test in (A) and the drill in (B) should be carried out for ships which regularly engage on voyages of short duration.

Q4. With reference to Auxiliary boiler safety valves;

A. Describe with the aid of Sketch the safety valve for an auxiliary boiler;

B. Identify with reasons. The parts that require particularly close attention during overhaul;

C. Describe how the safety valves are reset after an overhaul.

Q1. What are semiconductor devices? What are its advantages over thermionic devices? With respect to semi-conductor devices describe working principle and application of the following;-

 A. Zener Diode,

B. Transistor,

C. Photocell,

D. Thyristor

Q5. Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings. Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing.

Q5. With reference to the operation of two stage reciprocating air compressors explain the following:

a. Advantages of Multistage compression.

b. Significance of bumping clearance and adjustment thereof.

c. Reasons for reduction of compressor capacity.

d. Reasons and Effects of Second stage suction valve leakage.

Q7: An oil tanker 160m long and 22m beam floats at a draught of 9m in seawater. Cw is 0.865. The midships section is in the form of a rectangle with 1.2m radius at the bilges. A midships tank 10.5m long has twin longitudinal bulkheads and contains oil of 1.4 m3/t to a depth of 11.5m. The tank is holed to the sea for the whole of its transverse section.  Find the new draught.

Q4. A. Sketch a simplified circuit that may be incorporated in a control panel for an array of fire detectors.

B. Describe the following features that may be found in a control panel for fire detectors:

i) Audible fire alarm circuits;

ii) Identification, of zone of fire;

iii) Automatic change, over from normal power supply

Q5. As a second engineer, List out all the hazards identified with regard to cylinder head lifting job during main engine overhaul. explain how do you carry out risk assessment for above mentioned job.

Q6. A 72 KVA transformer supplies a heating and lighting load of 12 KW at unity power factor and a motor load of 70 kVA at 0.766 (lagging) power factor; Calculate the minimum rating of the power-factor improvement capacitors which must be connected in the circuit the ensure that the transformer does not become overloaded.

Q6. with reference to a slow speed diesel engine fitted with a single turbocharger. describe, with reasons, the possible action which could be taken to enable the main engine to be operated, If whilst on oceanic passage, a small portion of one of the impeller vanes breaks off and impacted with the charge air cooler.

Q6. With regard to refrigeration system explain;

A. What are the possible reasons for HP cut out in the refrigeration system?

B. What are the indication if air is present in the refrigerant system and how to remove air from refrigeration system?

C. How unloader works in refrigeration system?

D. What are the possible reasons for Icing on evaporation coil?

E. Why compound gauge fitted in refrigeration system?

Q6. A. Describe how the force on the ship’s bottom and the GM vary when grounding takes place.

B. A ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement takes the ground on a sand bank on a falling tide at an even keel draft of 5.2 metres. KG 4.0 metres. The predicted depth of water over the sand bank at the following low water is 3.2 metres. Calculate the GM at this time assuming that the KM will then be 5.0 metres and that mean TPC is 15 tonne.

Q6.  With regard to ballast water Management Convention, Explain following:

(a) Ballast water exchange standard     (b) Ballast water Performance standard

(c) Treatment methods for ballast water

(d) Approval methods for treatment system using active and non-active substances

(e) What are the marine pollution problems related to port development such as ballast water, dredging and spills from ships.

Q3. (a) With the aid of a simple sketch, explain the “trouble spots” in a basic air-conditioning unit and with reference to your sketch, explain the following: -

(a). How the problem of increase in humidity of cooled air is overcome?

(b). How discomfort caused by the excessive drying effect of heated air is overcome?

Q9. A. Discuss different methods of speed control of a d.c. series motor by adjusting field ampere turns.

B. A 230 V, d.c. shunt motor runs at 1000 r.p.m and takes 5 amperes. The armature resistance of the motor is 0.025𝛀 and shunt field resistance is 230𝛀. Calculate the drop in speed when the motor is loaded and takes the line current of 41 amperes. Neglect armature reaction.

Q7. With reference to the 4-stroke medium speed engines:

A. Define the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons.

B. Explain why thermal stressing are aggravated with increase in cylinder bore.

C. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices.

Q6. A. Sketch a line diagram showing the layout components of a hydraulic system with a variable delivery, Pressure compensated pump and accumulator, suitable for the operation of deck machinery.

B. Describe the operation of the system sketched in part 6 (a).

Q8. A ship 100 m long floats at a draught of 6 m and in this condition the immersed cross-sectional areas and water plane areas are as given below. The equivalent base area (Ab) is required because of the fineness of the bottom shell.

.

Calculate EACH of the following:

(a) The equivalent base area value Ab;

(b) The longitudinal position of the center of buoyancy from midships;

(c) The vertical position of the center of buoyancy above the base.

Q3. With reference to SOLAS Ch-XII (Additional safety measures for bulk carriers);

A. Damage stability requirements for bulk carriers;

B.  Structural requirements for bulk carriers;

C. Water ingress alarms.

Q6. With Reference to Main Engine Fuel Pumps.

(a) Explain how the setting of a variable injection timing fuel pump is checked and adjusted.

(b) State why it may be necessary to adjust the settings of a variable injection timed fuel pump.

Q8. A. Sketch an arrangement showing the principal of proportional plus integral (P+I) control loop.

B. Compare the series and parallel resonance circuits. Find the frequency at which the following circuit resonates.

Q8. (a) Describe, with aid of sketches, either an electronic governor or a hydraulic governor.

(b) Explain how the governor, described in Q.8(a), functions in order to increase fuel to the engine in the event of a load increase.

(c) State the defects which can impair operation of the governor described in Q.8(a)

Q9.  Reverse osmosis is one of the alternative method for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a)  Describe using simple diagrams if necessary,  the principle of reverse osmosis.

(b) (i) Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from sea water

(ii) Describe such a system.

Q8: A. What is meant by the Admiralty Coefficient and the Fuel Coefficient?

B. A slip of 14900 tonne displacement has a shaft power of 4460 Kw at 14.55 knots. The shaft power is reduced to 4120 kW and the fuel consumption at the same displacement is 541 kg/h. Calculate the fuel coefficient for the ship.

Q9. A) As Second Engineer of a new ship, prepare standing orders for all future bunkering operations;

B.  State why it is very important to obtain a representative sample of heavy fuel bunkers taken and explain how a representative sample is obtained

C. What information is provided in bunker Delivery note (BDN).

Q6. Under Continuous survey of machinery (CSM) bottom end bearing of a large 2stroke slow speed engine is due for survey.

A. As second engineer, explain the procedure involved in complete inspection of a bottom end bearing.

B. List the precaution to be taken.

C. Indicate the reasons for possible defects which could be encountered and state how they may be rectified.

D. What test are carried out on completion of survey and re-assembly.

Q6. (a). Explain the significance of the root- mean- square value of an alternating current or voltage waveform; Define the form factor of such a wave form.

(b). A total load of 8000 kW at 0.8 power factor is supplied by two alternators in parallel. One alternator supplies 6000 kW at 0.9 power factor. Find the kVA rating of the other alternator and the power factor.

Q6. (a) Explain fatigue cracking, stating its causes and propagation.

(b) Explain, how poor maintenance and engine overload may contribute to the risk of fatigue cracking of cylinder head holding studs.

Q8. A. Explain the action of EACH of the following metallurgical mechanism:

(i) Creep;          (ii) Brinelling;   (iii) Fretting;     (iv) Fretting corrosion;

B .State, with reasons, where EACH of the mechanisms in occur in ship propulsion System.

Q10. A ship of 15000 tonne displacement has an Admiralty Coefficient, based on shaft power, of 420. The mechanical efficiency of the machinery is 83%, shaft losses 6%, propeller efficiency 65% and QPC 0.71. At a particular speed the thrust power is 2550kW.

Calculate:

(i) Indicated power,

(ii) Effective power,

 (iii) Ship speed.

Q8. A. What is back emf? Derive the relation for the back emf and the supplied voltage in terms of armature resistance.

B. A three- phase induction motor is wound for four poles and is supplied from a 50 Hz system. Calculate.

i. The synchronous speed; (4)

ii. The speed of the rotor when the slip is 4 per cent; (3)

iii. The rotor frequency when the speed of the rotor is 600 r/min. (2)