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Q9.a) Explain the phenomenon of liquefaction of solid bulk cargo, including the conditions under which it occurs and its contributing factors. (5)

b) Briefly discuss the dangers posed by liquefaction to the stability and safety of a vessel, providing examples of incidents caused by liquefaction.     (5)

c) Outline the preventive measures and regulatory guidelines for minimizing the risk of cargo liquefaction during loading, transportation, and discharge. (6)