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Q4. During loading of a petroleum tanker, the incoming cargo forces out from the tank its previous atmospheric contents (air-vapour-inert gas)

a) Explain:

(i) The dangers of venting during the loading via open tank hatches (5)

(ii) Why the pressure / vacuum valve is not used venting (5)

b) Sketch and describe a patent high velocity vent and state why such device is used (10)