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Q9.  Reverse osmosis is one of the alternative method for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a)  Describe using simple diagrams if necessary,  the principle of reverse osmosis.

(b) (i) Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from sea water

(ii) Describe such a system.

Q6. Explain why regular testing of water in auxiliary boilers is desirable. For each, test normally carried out, state,

a) Reasons for making the test (6)

b) Acceptable values for any particular type of auxiliary boiler (5)

c) Action required when measured values differ appreciably from desired values. (5)

Q9. Reverse osmosis is the contemporary alternative for shipboard production of drinking

a) Describe using simple diagrams where necessary, the principle of:-

i) Osmosis (3)

ii) Reverse osmosis (3)

b) Sketch a line diagram showing a ‘single pass system’ for producing fresh from seawater. (4)

i) Describe such a system. (4)

ii) State the safety features that may be incorporated into the plant. (2)

Q5. i) Explain with reasons, as to why ‘boiler water testing’ is carried out on board. (6)

ii) Explain procedure for collecting boiler water sample? State precautions? (4)

iii) Mention with procedure and recommended values for the tests which need to be carried on boiler water as a routine. (6)

Q8. (a) Describe the effects of freshwater feed on auxiliary boilers. (6)

(b) Describe the measures taken to reduce these effects. (4)

(c) Describe FIVE principle boiler water tests stating the reason for EACH. (6)