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Q3. With reference to the burning of heavy residual fuel in the main engine:

a) State with reasons FOUR modifications which need to be made as compared with the same engine burning distillate fuels.

b) State with reasons SIX properties you would require seeing in the specification for residual fuel indicating the effect EACH of these properties might have with respect to the storage and burning of the fuel.

Q4. What are the key parameters analysed during lab testing of lubricating oil used in ship machinery, and how do these test results help in determining the condition of the oil and the health of the machinery? (16)

Q3. What are the key parameters used to assess marine fuel quality, and how do these parameters impact engine performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions control on a ship? (16)

Q9. a) Define the following conditions relating to lubricating oil

(i) Oxidation

(ii) Emulsification

(iii) Acidity (6)

b) Explain how each of the conditions in Q9 (a) is controlled by maintenance (5)

c) Suggest possible consequences if the conditions in Q9 (a) change and no corrective action is taken (5)

Q1. Describe following types of lubrication system with suitable examples

(a) Hydrodynamic Lubrication

(b) Hydrostatic lubrication

(c) Elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication

(d) Boundary lubrication

Q3. With respect to the properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following terms.

(a) Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Inbox (CCAI).

(b) Open flash point and Closed flash point.

(c) The importance of Sodium to Vanadium Ratio.

(d) Octane Number.

Q8. Explain how the ingress of sea water is prevented in an oil lubricated stern bearing system. Should the system fail, describe the corrective action possible whilst the vessel is afloat. State why two stern bearing oil header tanks are fitted in some instances?

Q6. With reference to the fuel standards ISO-8217-2017 discuss the amendments made as compared to its previous edition. Explain the significance of the following:

(a) Pour point, cloud point and cold filter plugging point.

(b) Cat fines

(c) Fatty Acid methyl Easter

(d) Dissolved H2S in fuel.

Q2.A. Explain how analysis of used lubricating oil can be used as a “health-monitoring” tool for diesel engines.

B. Describe how vibration measurement can be used with a main engine turbo-charger:

i. For fault analysis;

ii. For condition monitoring with respect to maintenance;

iii. As a substitute to opening up machinery for survey.

Q4. With reference to fuel oil viscosity:

(a) Explain why correct fuel oil viscosity is necessary

(b) Describe TWO methods for the measurements of viscosity that are suitable for the inclusion into a pneumatic or electronic control system;

(c) State, with reasons, a control action for a viscosity controller.

Q1. With regard to care of lubricating oils onboard, answer the following:

(a)  Microbial degradation of lubricating oil and measures to prevent the same

(b)  Methods of ensuring correct sampling is done for the purpose of shore based testing.

(c)  If the shore based testing results show an abnormal values of water content and TBN for the crank case lub oil of a slow speed main engine, what will be interpretation and subsequent action?

Q1. Describe the importance of maintaining the quality of lube oil in maintaining the proper health of marine diesel engines highlighting the role of

(a) Automatic back flushing filters.       (b) Lube oil separators

(c) Magnetic filters                               (d) Visual Inspection                (e) Periodic laboratory tests.