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Q2.  Periodical Lubricating Oil Analysis, its correct interpretation and corrective measures are of critical significance for the maintenance of marine machineries. With reference to the modern analysis techniques employed for the condition of L.O, discuss the following:

A). Elemental (Spectrometric) Analysis

B). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

C). Particle Count

D). Base Number Vs Acid Number

Q4. i) what are the type of contaminants which affect lubricating oils? Briefly explain each of them. (6)

ii) what measures are adopted to prevent their entry into machinery lubricating oils systems. (4)

iii) How contaminated oils are dealt with on ships? Particularly in the case of bacterial attack. (6)