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Q5. A). How is Human Element issue addressed in STCW code.

B). Discuss the IMO guidance on fatigue mitigation and management on board ships

Q9.a) Discuss the broad overview of the relevant IMO, ILO regimes relating to the Human Element in the maritime industry.

b) Analyse the Human Factor and ISM Code. In implementing the ISM Code how does human fact play an important role.

Q6. (a) It is common statement that ‘80% of accidents are caused due to human errors, discuss the term ‘human error’ referred to here of a complex hierarchical socio-technical system (8)

(b) The terms human element, human error and human factors have often been used interchangeably in relation with the maritime incidents/accidents. How in your opinion do these terms differ? Discuss with suitable examples. (8)