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Q1. Considering that the engine room is the most common single space on board ships for fire to break out, discuss the merits and demerits of the following fixed firefighting systems: (20)

(a) Carbon dioxide

(b) Pressure water spray

(c) High expansion foam

Q9.a) Draw and Explain flammability diagram (4)

b) What is critical dilution in flammability diagram?  (4)

c) How does inert gas reduce flammability range.

d) Describe purging and gas freeing operation of cargo tank in Crude Oil Tanker. (4)

Q4. During the loading of a petroleum tanker, the incoming cargo forces out from the tank its previous atmospheric contents (air-vapour-inert gas).

Explain:

(a) The dangers of venting during the loading via open tank hatches (10)

(b) Why the pressure/vacuum valves is not used for venting (10)

Q7. How will you fight a fire in a galley? How will you at least restrict the fire if you are the first person to sight the fire in the galley? (16)

Q2. Describe the periodic checks which should be made on a fixed CO2 fire extinguishing system installed on a ship and reasons for the same. (20)

Q2. With respect to Fire protection, fire detection and Fire extinction:

a) Describe, for a ship that carries dangerous cargo, the bridge-based detection arrangement. (10)

b) State how fires are dealt with, bearing in mind that dangerous cargo quantity varies. (10)

Q3. a) Describe with the aid of a Sketch the release arrangement for a machinery space fixed fire-fighting installation using CO2 system. State in your answer any special need for rapid delivery of the gas and the time permitted for discharge. (10)

b) Explain why and how evacuation of the machinery space is considered necessary before releasing CO2. (10)

Q8. Fire protection for the accommodation spaces of passenger vessels incorporates means of detection, fighting and containment to reduce the spread of any fire.

A. Describe the means of detection and firefighting commonly installed. (8)

B. State how the spread of fire is prevented and how the containment is used with the firefighting and detection arrangement to locate the fire. (8)