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Q8.a) CO2 is to be released in engine room in case of fire. Briefly describe steps taken before it can be released.

b) What means are provided to prevent inadvertent release of CO2 in engine room?

Q5. Write short notes on following:

(a) Flammability diagram and its significance (10)

(b) Risk assessment: why and how it is carried out on ships with examples (10)

Q8. a) Describe CO2 Fixed fire fighting system for machinery spaces and cargo spaces of a bulk carrier. (8)

b) Explain safety precautions taken prior to release of CO2 to the engine room. (8)

Q1. Considering that the engine room is the most common single space on board ships for fire to break out, discuss the merits and demerits of the following fixed firefighting systems: (20)

(a) Carbon dioxide

(b) Pressure water spray

(c) High expansion foam

Q9.a) Draw and Explain flammability diagram (4)

b) What is critical dilution in flammability diagram?  (4)

c) How does inert gas reduce flammability range.

d) Describe purging and gas freeing operation of cargo tank in Crude Oil Tanker. (4)

Q4. During the loading of a petroleum tanker, the incoming cargo forces out from the tank its previous atmospheric contents (air-vapour-inert gas).

Explain:

(a) The dangers of venting during the loading via open tank hatches (10)

(b) Why the pressure/vacuum valves is not used for venting (10)

Q7. How will you fight a fire in a galley? How will you at least restrict the fire if you are the first person to sight the fire in the galley? (16)

Q2. Describe the periodic checks which should be made on a fixed CO2 fire extinguishing system installed on a ship and reasons for the same. (20)