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Q2. i) Which elements present in the heavy fuel oil, (fossil fuel) used in marine diesel engines, results in the formation of SOX, H2SO4 and CO2 upon combustion. Discuss their effects on the environment, post combustion. (10)

ii) What is understood by 'NOX' & how it is produced? State the temperature at which it is formed. (6)

Q7. Briefly discuss the IMO decarbonisation ambitions and pathways with focus on the short term, mid-term and long-term goals. Explain the two short-term measures approved by the IMO for implementation with their guidelines. (16)