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Q8. (a) Discuss, in detail. the main function of a Bill or Lading and explain the reasons for a Bill of lading being made out 'to order' instead of to a named consignee.

(b) A Bill of Lading is said to be evidence of the contract of carriage of goods. Discuss any circumstances when a Bill of Lading may become the actual contract of carriage.

Q2. a) Define Bill of Lading (B/L) and explain its significance in maritime commerce. (3)

b) Distinguish between a Bill of Lading issued to the ship and other types of B/Ls, highlighting the unique features and purposes of each. (5)

c) Briefly Discuss the legal obligations and responsibilities of the shipowner, carrier, and consignee under a B/L issued to the ship, citing relevant maritime laws and conventions. (8)