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Q3: A new instrument by IMO for the Control and Management of ships Ballast Water and sediments’ will be in force in the near future. In relation to this discuss the following;

A. The need for such a convention

B. What are the options available for treatment of Ballast Water, and the methods being used presently?

C. What are the responsibility as a flag State and port State?

D. What is current status of the IMO BWM convention ratification and what is included in the certification and type approval process?

Q1. i) Why is it necessary to treat ballast water, prior to its discharge? (10)

ii) Explain the difference between ballast water exchange and ballast water treatment. Name the standards used in each case. (10)

Q9) Explain the following:

(a) Control air dryer - working principle with diagram, of any one type of dryer of your choice (8)

(b) Any two types of Ballast water treatment system (8)

Q6. Regarding Ballast Water Management Convention explain

(a) Ballast Water Exchange Standard

(b) Ballast Water Performance Standard

(c) Treatment methods for ballast water

(d) Approved methods for treatment system using active and non-active substances.

(e) What are the marine pollution problems related to port development such as ballast water , dredging and spills from ships.

Q7. Describe the general structure of a Ballast Water Treatment (BWT) System, highlighting the following methods of treatment: -
a) UV Treatment method
b) Gas Treatment method
c) Electrolysis method
d) Magnetic Separation method.

Q3. a) Explain how a propeller blade may be eroded due to cavitation, describing the progressive nature of the damage.

b) Outline the design features that may be considered to minimise cavitation.

c) State FOUR detrimental effects of propeller cavitation.