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Q1. Considering that the engine room is the most common single space on board ships for fire to break out, discuss the merits and demerits of the following fixed firefighting systems: (20)

(a) Carbon dioxide

(b) Pressure water spray

(c) High expansion foam

Q2. Describe an emergency electrical power generating plant for use in the event of a complete failure of the main electrical power and make reference to -

a) Location (4)

b) Starting arrangements (4)

c) Fuel oil and its supply (4)

d) Cooling system (4)

e) Periodic attention required (4)

Q9. (a) State with reasons the essential requirements for unattended machinery spaces (8)

(b) With reference to a periodically unattended machinery space of a dry cargo vessel discuss the requirements for:

(i) Protection against flooding (6)

(ii) Control of propulsion machinery from the navigating bridge (6)

Q4. During the loading of a petroleum tanker, the incoming cargo forces out from the tank its previous atmospheric contents (air-vapour-inert gas).

Explain:

(a) The dangers of venting during the loading via open tank hatches (10)

(b) Why the pressure/vacuum valves is not used for venting (10)

Q5. (a) Describe the changes which take place within a lead-acid battery during discharge and when charging is taking place (10)

(b) What are the safety features you would find in (10)

(i) Paint store

(ii) Battery room

Q6. What are the various Annexes to the MARPOL 78 convention. Briefly state, what each one of the Annex signifies and the key regulations within each (20)

Q7. Petroleum vapours are a dangerous substance and when mixed with air can be ignited. With this in mind, briefly describe:

(a) Sketch an explosimeter or combustion gas indicator which can be used to check the atmosphere of a tank or pump room (10)

(b) Describe the explosimeter and its operation (10)

Q8. (a) The Centrifugal ballast pump in the engine room also doubles as a fire pump in your ship. What specific precautions would you take to change over the ballast pump from ballast / de-ballast mode to a fire pump mode (10)

(b) How is the emergency bilge suction tested? (10)

Q7. a) State the causes of scavenge fire in a two-stroke engine and explain how the possibility of such an occurrence can be reduced. (10)

b) If a Scavenge fire does occur what action should be taken? Discuss the use of CO2 and dry powder for extinguishing such a fire and describe a fixed installation for applying one of these substances. (10)