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Q8. With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:

A. Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;

B. Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;

C. Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out;

D. Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.

Q5. With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands: Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service.

A. Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored. (6)

B. Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable. (5)

C. Explain the functions of the upper and lower sections. (5)

Q9. Whilst operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.

A. State, with reasons, the immediate action you as Second Engineer would take to ensure the safe operation of the main engine;

B. State, with reasons, the possible place where water could enter the fuel system;

C. State, with reasons, the standing instructions you as Second Engineer would issue with respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problems due to water in the fuel.

Q6. With reference to piston rings;

A. State the reasons for breakage;

B. How maintenance and engine operation could minimize breakage;

C. Explain the recent developments in the piston rings to minimize breakage;

Q8. With reference to main boiler super heater arrangements:

(a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design.

(b) How the element tube bank is supported and yet allow for expansion?

(c) How boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness?

Q4. It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away.  What is done to rectify this condition?

Q9. If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?

Q9. a). If an auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain: - i. How it can be stopped,

ii. What is likely to be the reasons for the failure.

b). Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped:

 (i) Mechanically,                            (ii) Electrically.

Q7. With reference to main engine starting and reversing: Define the function of air distributors; Give reasons why air distributors are not fitted to some large direct reversing engines.