DieselShip's Online Content Library

Q1. Name various statutory Certificates and Documents to be carried on board a Gas carrier trading in Indian coast giving reference to the conventions and justify for their requirement. (20)

Q1. You are a 2nd engineer on a ship fitted with an open loop scrubber, during a loaded voyage, the display panel remote and local panel stop working. Write a letter to your office on the breakdown and the steps you have taken to bring back to normal operations, making references to the relevant regulations? (16)

Q1. What is the meaning of “de-rating” of machinery?

a) Explain the principles behind de-rating a ship propulsion engine as a retro fit. And the benefits. (8)

b) Can a de-rated engine be run at full power? If yes, under what conditions? (8)

Q1. a) Describe a method of the attachment of bilge keels; (6)

b) State THREE reasons for not extending bilge keels the entire length of the vessel; (6)

c) Explain TWO principles of roll damping those bilge keels exploit. (4)

Q1. Discuss the criteria of the classification of marine high voltage for A.C. and D.C. Systems. Sketch a Ships high voltage distribution system and explain its features. Discuss the various methods of testing the insulation of HV system. Mention the significance of PI Test, why 3 terminals insulation testers are used in HV insulation measurements? (16)

Q2. Sketch and show all parts of two-stroke engine’s Stuffing box. Describe the procedure of  in place (Without removing piston) overhauling two stroke engine’s Stuffing box. Your answer should include all safety precautions taken and proper tools used during overhaul of Stuffing box. (16)

Q2. Briefly describe following with respect to protective relaying:

a) Principle of working and characteristics of induction type relays. (6)

b) Static and digital relays. (5)

c) Protection of alternators, motors, transformer and busbar. (5)

Q2. a) Define creep and specify the conditions under which it occurs? (8)

b) Discuss three metallurgical processing techniques that are employed to enhance the creep resistance of metal alloys (8)

Q2. Vessel has gone through very heavy weather. On arrival at safe anchorage, you are conducting your inspection to determine damages to hull.

A. List the areas you will inspect.      B. List your findings of any significance.

C. Write a report to company suggesting repairs if any.

Q3. The fire protection provided for the propulsion motor and generator of a diesel electric drive vessel is usually one of the following methods:

a. Fixed foam extinguisher;                   b. Fixed CO2 system;

c. Steam smothering system;                 d. Dry Chemical Powder.

Briefly state in a comparative analysis, how each one of these methods has some disadvantages when used with propulsion system as stated above.

Q1. Explain why auxiliary engine bottom-end bolts are prone to failure, even under normal running conditions. Identify those features, incorporated into the design of bottom-end bolts, to inhibit failure. Explain how this tendency is either aggravated or inhibited during maintenance and what checks are to be carried out. (16)

Q2. (a) Explain fatigue cracking, stating its causes and propagation. (8)

(b) Explain, how poor maintenance and engine overload may contribute to the risk of fatigue cracking of cylinder head holding studs. (8)

Q3. Sketch and describe the types combustion cycles. Explain the application of each cycle with advantages and disadvantages.

Q3. A. Explain how the efficiency and regulation of a transformer can be assessed by open circuit and short circuit tests? (10)

B. What is meant by equivalent resistance? (6)

Q3. With reference to ship’s rudder state:-

a) Why a breached hollow rudder adds to fuel costs? (6)

b) Why excessive pintle clearance should not be tolerated? (5)

c) Why fitted bolts are used in connecting upper and lower stocks? (5)

Q9. (a) Describe how it is determined whether a crankshaft was twisted during a major “smash up” in a main engine. (4)

(b) Explain where twisting is most likely to occur. (4)

(c) Specify with reasons the degree of twisting that might be accommodated without correction (4)

(d) Explain briefly what adjustments and precautions should be instituted when putting an engine with a twisted crankshaft back into service. (4)

Q3. (a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an open loop system for reducing SOx emissions from engine exhaust gas, explaining how the system operates whilst the vessel is in open waters. (8)

(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a closed loop scrubber system for removing SOx from engine exhaust gas, explaining the operation of this unit and stating when it would be used. (8)

Q4. Give a pragmatic approach to dealing with a sea water leakage, which is flooding the engine room and which has the potential of causing a serious impairment to a vessels stability.

Q4. Discuss the fundamental principles and advantages of electrical propulsion systems in marine vessels compared to conventional mechanical propulsion. What are some of the components that make up an electrical propulsion system? (16)

Q4. Under Continuous Survey of Machinery, the crosshead bearing of a large slow speed engine is due for survey.

a) Explain the procedure involved in the inspection of a cross-head bearing. (6)

b) List the precaution to be taken. (4)

c) Indicate the reasons for possible defects which could be encountered and state how they may be rectified. (3)

d) What test are carried out on completion of survey and reassembly. (3)

Q4. With reference to a tubular heat exchanger, state the various types used on board a ship and explain with sketches how the construction, flow pattern, baffles, differ from each other depending upon the medium in use. (16)

Q4. Periodical Lubricating Oil Analysis, its correct interpretation and corrective measures are of critical significance for the maintenance of marine machineries. With reference to the modern analysis techniques employed for the condition of L.O, discuss the following:

A) Elemental (Spectrometric) Analysis

B) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

C) Particle Count

D) Base Number Vs Acid Number

Q4. With reference to International Load Line Statutory Certification,

A. State the reasons for the freeboard requirements. (6)

B. Explain the term “conditions of assignments”. (5)

C. List the items that may be examined during a Load line survey after a vessel’s major repairs in the dry-dock. (5)

Q6. With reference to an automatic water sprinkler, fire detecting alarm and extinguishing system for accommodation spaces: -

A. (i) Sketch a typical system;

(ii) Describe the operation of this system;

B. State the sources of water available;

C. Describe the sprinkler head and its operation;

D. State how the temperature rating of the sprinkler head is determined.

Q5. With respect to Refrigeration systems uses onboard:

a) How do we choose environmentally friendly refrigerants for ships? (6)

b) How do CFC’s, HCFC’s, HFC’s and natural refrigerants like ammonia and carbon-di-oxide compare in terms of ozone depletion (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP)? (4)

c) What are the benefits and challenges of using natural or low-GWP refrigerants on marine vessels? (3)

d) Explain the steps you will take to ensure that release of refrigerant gases from the plant in minimized during normal operation and during maintenance activities. (3)

Q5. a) Briefly explain the principle of Operation of Induction Motors (4)

b) What is slip for an induction motor? (4)

c) Draw a simple ladder logic diagram of star delta starting of an induction motor. (8)

Q5. a) According to Article 2 of the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006, what are the essential elements that must be included in a Seafarers' Employment Agreement (SEA)? How does the SEA ensure the protection of seafarers' rights? (10)

b) Explain how CBAs are used to negotiate and establish the terms and conditions of employment for seafarers under the MLC 2006. How do CBAs contribute to ensuring fair wages, working conditions, and dispute resolution for seafarers? (10)

Q5. With reference to LNG diesel engine installations:

(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a Gas Valve Unit, explaining its purpose and indicating where it is located in the gas train. (6)

(b) Explain why ventilation and inert gas systems must be installed with the engine fuel gas system. (5)

(c) State why pilot injection must be provided when burning fuel gas, explaining how a pilot injection system works (5)

Q1.Describe how a jerk type of fuel pump is replaced, making specific reference to initial setting and governor connections. Explain how the actual and effective strokes are adjusted. Identify the common faults of these pumps. State how engine performance is affected by each of these faults and why prompt attention is necessary. (16)

Q5. A. Sketch a transverse section through the hold space of a container ship hull. (8)

B. Referring to the sketch in (A) describe how adequate structural strength is built into the hull. (8)

Q6. A) Briefly state and describe the various heat treatment processes applied to cast iron main engine components. (4)

B) How do these treatments modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of the components? (6)

C) Provide examples of how heat treatment can improve wear resistance, strength, and service life in main engine parts. (6)

Q6. a) Describe International protection rating and types of insulation. (6)

(b) A total load of 8000 kW at 0.8 power factor is supplied by two alternators in parallel. One alternator supplies 6000 kW at 0.9 power factor. Find the kVA rating of the other alternator and the power factor. (10)

Q6. a) What is a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) as defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and how does it differ from a Special Area under the MARPOL Convention? (7)

b) What are the six special areas designated by MARPOL, where stricter regulations apply to prevent pollution from ships, and what are the specific requirements for each area. (7)

c) Discuss the criteria for designating a PSSA and a Special Area. What additional protective measures are typically implemented in these regions to safeguard the marine environment. (6)

Q6. Following a recent turbocharger (T/C) overhaul, it has been observed that the scavenge air pressure is lower than before, and the engine power output has also been reduced.

a) State the possible causes of the problem with reasons. (5)

b) State the engine operational information that should be gathered to detect the possible causes of the problem, along with reasons for each type of information. (5)

c) State the instructions which should be issued with respect to future T/C overhauls in order to prevent similar incidents. (6)

Q6. A. Describe how the force on the ship’s bottom and the GM vary when grounding takes place.

B. A ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement takes the ground on a sand bank on a falling tide at an even keel draft of 5.2 metres. KG 4.0 metres. The predicted depth of water over the sand bank at the following low water is 3.2 metres. Calculate the GM at this time assuming that the KM will then be 5.0 metres and that mean TPC is 15 tonne.

Q6. A. Describe with the aid of a sketch, the main engine ancillary equipment for automatic monitoring and regulation of fuel viscosity. (6)

B. Explain the operation of equipment described in (A). (5)

C. Discuss the single fuel concept. (5)

Q7. a) D.C. motors are used where very high torque and/or precise speed control is required. How does the control of magnetic field flux and armature current relate to the starting characteristics of a D.C. motor in such applications? (6)

b) A 200 V, D.C. shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 ohm and an armature current of 40 A on full load. Determine the reduction in flux necessary for a 50 per cent reduction in speed. The torque for both conditions can be assumed to remain constant. (10)

Q7. Sewage treatment plant is due for internal inspection. List the detailed procedure for carrying out this inspection with the specific checks to be carried out as per OEM instructions after it is stopped and emptied. Also discuss the safety precautions to be taken in your answer. (16)

Q7. Discuss on the following with respect to MARPOL Annex-V. (20)

a) Domestic waste and operational waste.

b) Garbage Management plan and record keeping.

c) Discharge of Garbage outside special areas.

d) Discharge of Garbage within special areas.

Q7. a) Explain the concept of a fail-safe and fail-set system on a ship, providing examples of each system. (6)

b) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of both systems. (5)

c) How do the design differences impact the overall reliability and safety of the vessel. (5)

Q7. A. Describe stability requirement for dry-docking. (6)

B. A box shaped vessel, 50 metres long × 10 metres wide, floats in salt water on an even keel at a draft of 4 metres. A centre line longitudinal watertight bulkhead extends from end to end and for the full depth of the vessel. A compartment amidships on the starboard side is 15 metres long and contains cargo with permeability 30%. Calculate the list if this compartment is bilged. KG = 3 metres. (10)

Q7. With reference to behaviour of fabricated bed plates and frames in services:

(a) Identify various forces imposed simultaneously upon them. (6)

(b) Explain how engine structure withstands these forces? (5)

(c) State how these forces are transferred to ship structure? (5)

Q8. a) What is the Crude Oil Washing (COW) procedure on oil tankers, and how does it enhance the efficiency of cargo operations? Outline the steps involved in the COW process. (12)

b) Discuss the safety precautions that must be observed during Crude Oil Washing to prevent accidents and environmental hazards. Additionally, explain the regulatory requirements governing COW operations as per MARPOL and other relevant guidelines. (8)

Q8. Explain the thermodynamic cycle involved in the air conditioning system on board a ship, detailing the key components and their functions. Additionally, describe the unloading and loading mechanisms used in the system to maintain efficiency and manage varying cooling loads. (16)

Q8. What is slow steaming & how it’s achieved without engine modification? Enumerate various operational issues with slow steaming. How such operational issues can be dealt with? (16)

Q8. A. Define longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG) and longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB).

B. A ship 120m long floats has draughts of 5.50m forward and 5.80m aft; MCT1 cm 80 tonne m, TPC 13, LCF 2.5m forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts when a mass of 110 tonne is added 24m aft of midships.

Q8. a) Show how the power that is transferred across the air gap of the three-phase induction motor is represented. Explain the terms. What portion of this is useful power? (6)

b) A 440 V load of 400 kW at 0.8 (lagging) power factor is jointly supplied by two alternators A and B. The kW load on A is 150 kW and the KVAr load on B is 150 KVAr (lagging). Determine the kW load on B, the KVAr load on A, the power factor of operation on each machine and the current loading of each machine. (10)

Q8. A. Sketch a line diagram showing the layout components of a hydraulic system with a variable delivery, Pressure compensated pump and accumulator, suitable for the operation of deck machinery. (8)

B. Describe the operation of the system sketched in part (a). (8)

Q9. a) What are the main components of ship resistance that a vessel encounters while moving through water. (6)

B. The speed of a ship is increased to 18% above normal for 7.5 hours, and then reduced to 9% below normal for 10 hours. The speed is then reduced for the remainder of the day so that the consumption for the day is the normal amount. Find the percentage difference between the distance travelled in that day and the normal distance travelled per day. (10)

Q3. a) What is the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) and how is it calculated under IMO regulations? Explain its significance in reducing the carbon footprint of ships. (10)

b) What role does the Second Engineer play in ensuring compliance with CII requirements on a ship? Discuss the operational strategies and maintenance practices that the Second Engineer can implement to improve a ship's CII rating. (10)

Q9. a) What is the working principle of a plate type cooler on a ship, and what are its main components? How does it differ from other types of heat exchangers used on ships? (6)

b) What materials are commonly used for the packing in plate type coolers on board ships, and how do these materials impact the efficiency and durability of the cooler? (5)

c) Describe the process of back flushing a plate type cooler on a ship. Why is back flushing important, and what potential issues can it prevent or mitigate. (5)

Q9. What are the differences between destructive and non-destructive testing methods for materials? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and provide examples of specific tests used in both categories to ensure the integrity and quality of materials used in shipbuilding. (16)

Q9. a) To improve the power-to-weight ratio of an engine, it is necessary to increase the mep. Discuss the importance of turbocharger compression ratio in this regard. Why has it become necessary to introduce two-stage turbocharging? (8)

b) With reference to turbochargers with variable turbine area, explain (8)

i) Which area is varied

ii) Why is it varied

iii) How is it varied.

Q9 a) Explain the preference for a 60 Hz system. Describe the dangers of running a 50 Hz system from a 60 Hz supply. (6)

b) A ring-main, 900m long, is supplied at a point A at a p.d. of 220V. At a point B, 240m from A, a load of 45A is drawn from the main, and at a point C, 580m from A, measured in same direction, a load of 78A is taken from the main. If the resistance of the main (lead and return) is 0.25 ohm per kilometre, calculate the current which will flow in each direction round the main from the supply point A and the potential difference across the main, at the load where it is lowest. (10)

Q10. With reference to fixed pitch propellers:
a. Explain Propeller Slip and Propeller Thrust. (6)
b. The shaft power of a ship is 3000 KW, the ship’s speed V is 13.2 knot. Propeller rps is 1.27. Propeller pitch is 5.5m and the speed of advance is 11 Knots. Find:
i. Real Slip
ii. Wake fraction
iii. Propeller thrust, when its efficiency, η = 70% (10)

Q10. a) (i) What is direct-connected alternator? (3)

(ii) How is a direct-connected exciter arranged in an alternator? (3)

b) Find the synchronous impedance and reactance of an alternator in which a given field current produces an armature current of 200 A on short circuit and a generated e.m.f. of 50V on open- circuit. The armature resistance is 0.1 ohm. To what induced voltage must the alternator be excited if it is to deliver a load of 100A at a p.f of 0.8 lagging, with a terminal voltage of 200V. (10)