DieselShip's Online Content Library

Q6. State the various documents pertaining to a ship that a port state control inspector would ask for during port state control inspection. If your vessel-gets detained by the PSC owing to a deficiency, what would be your action for redressal

Q2. State how and why the following machinery items are effected when the maximum service speed of a Vessel is consistently maintained in heavy weather.

A. Intermediate shafting,

B. Propeller shafting,

C. Shafting coupling bolts,

D. Main thrust pads.

Q3. Differentiate between half and full wave rectification. State where half wave rectification may be used and the purpose for which it is not well adapted. Sketch a bridge connection by which full wave rectification may be obtained.

Q1. Describe the procedure to be undertaken when, upon a routine schedule for changing Exhaust Valve on a main engine, it is found that the Exhaust valve body is seized inside the cylinder head and cannot be removed by conventional means and also the internal threads in the exhaust valve body connecting to the exhaust bellows are damaged.

Q2. A. Explain the term Variable Injection Timing (VIT) when applied to fuel pumps and state why a change in timing of fuel injection may be required.;

B. Describe, with the aid of sketches a VIT fuel pump and explain how the change in timing is achieved whilst the pump is in operation

C. Explain how it may be determined that individual fuel pumps are injecting the correct quantity of fuel with the correct timing at a particular pump setting.

Q4. Sketch a sealing arrangement for an oil lubricated stern tube.

a) Identify the common forms of seal failure. (6)

b) State how oil loss due to seal failure can be restricted whilst on passage. (5)

c) What is the material used for sealing rings and propeller shaft liner? (5)

Q2. A. Describe the arrangement made in a main structural bulkhead for a watertight door aperture; B. Explain a procedure for ensuring that sliding watertight doors are operated safely. C. Differentiate between the categories of watertight door and state the regulation pertaining each type.

Q4. Prepare a proposal for safe manning requirements for a ship of your choice taking into account the IMO guidelines on the issue, also considering frequent port calls, rest hour management and high-risk areas.

Q7. It is found that the tie rods are persistently becoming slack: A. State, with reasons, the possible causes; B. State, with reasons, the likely effects on the engine if it is allowed to operate with slack tie rods; C. Explain how this problem can be minimized?

Q4. A. Describe with the aid of a simple sketch the arrangement of the three-phase winding of an alternator showing the neutral point.

B. Explain why for most ships the neutral point is insulated.

C. Explain why in some installation the neutral point is earthed?

Q1. With reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is reversed manually and discuss the problems involved and the safety precautions which would be required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space.

Q2. With reference to Flue gas Inert gas system:

A. Sketch a line diagram showing a typical 'Inert Gas System' used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labelling the component parts.

B. Describe the system.

C. State what oxygen content you would expect in the flue gases if good combustion is achieved.

Q3. With reference to a tubular heat exchanger, state the various types used on board a ship and explain with sketches how the construction, flow pattern, baffles, differ from each other depending upon the medium in use.

Q1. A. Describe the preparation necessary before the application (in dry dock) of sophisticated or approved long life coating to the underwater surface of the hull;

B. State the significance of the roughness profile.

C. List the different sophisticated costing which are available.

Q8. Briefly discuss the following with respect to safety of navigation:

A. Bridge Navigation Watchkeeping Alarm System (BNWAS)

B. Long Range Identification and Tracking of ships (LRIT)

C. Voyage Simplified Voyage Recorder (VDR/S-VDR)

Q2. A. State the necessary conditions required prior to the synchronizing of electrical alternators.

B. Describe the type of cumulative damage that may be caused when alternators are incorrectly synchronized;

C. Explain how the damage referred to in (b) can be avoided / reduced.

D. For two alternators operating in parallel state the consequences of:

(i) Reduced torque from the prime mover of one machine.

(ii)Reduced excitation on one machine.

Q9. A. Briefly explain the term fatigue and explain how fatigue failure occur;

B. State the difference between high stress / low cycle and low stress / high cycle fatigue giving an example of each;

C. State how defect in metal can influence the expected safe life of a component;

D. State how fuel injection timing and cylinder power balance can influence the possibility of fatigue cracks developing in the bedplate.

Q2. Sketch a Main Engine air starting distributor and describe how it operates.

List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in main engine air starting system and state the purpose of each.

Q5. Receiving of bunkers is an important aspect of a Senior Engineers responsibility, A. Stale the safety precautions that should be observed when bunkering; B. Explain the importance of taking samples when bunkering; C. Explain a preferred method of taking samples, D. State the effect of each in a fuel oil – i. High density; ii. High pour point; iii. High water content

Q4. With reference to Underwater Inspection in lieu of Dry  docking (UWILD)

A. Explain in detail, how an underwater survey is carried out;

B. State the requirements to be fulfilled before an underwater survey is acceptable to the survey authority.

C. Construct a list of the items in order of importance that the underwater survey authority should include.

Q4. A. what is intrinsic electric safety? B. can live maintenance be done on intrinsically safe circuits? C. Describe intrinsically safe equipment used on board ship.

Q5. With reference to air receivers and bottles explain with reasons: A. Why regular systematic internal inspection is advisable? B. Which internal areas of large receivers should receive particularly close examination? C. How bottles are inspected internally and what parts should be closely examined? D. How the condition of a bottle or receiver that cannot be inspected internally is checked?

Q4. Define the following types of non-destructive methods of testing:

a) Radiographic. (4)

b) Ultrasonic. (4)

c) Magnetic particle. (4)

d) Dye penetrant. (4)

Give their advantages and disadvantages.

Q2. During a routine crankcase inspection a main engine top end bearing is found to be wiped and subsequent inspection shows that the pin is badly scored.

A. Explain in detail the action which should be taken to enable the engine to be safety operated so that the vessel may reach a port where effective repair facilities are available.

B. State with reasons the factors which influence the speed at which the engine may be safely operated.

Q5. Regarding the carriage of crude oil and its associated products:

a) (i) State the dangers involved.

(ii) State what publications give guidance on safety.

b) Sketch and describe the operation of an explosimeter suitable for testing pump rooms or tanks.

c) Define the terms lower and upper flammable limits Illustrating your answer by means rough sketch of a hydrocarbon vapour oxygen graph.

Q8. a) Discuss the rights and expectations of seafarers in relation to occupational safety

as per Maritime Labour Convention.

b) What are the steps taken to reduce discrimination among seafarers due to differences in age, gender, language, nationality, and culture?

Q8. With reference to shaft alignment:

(a) Explain the meaning of fair curve or rational alignment;

(b) Shaft alignment is often verified using hydraulic jacks to obtain a simple graph. Sketch such a graph, indicating the following:

(i) Static load;

(ii) Hysteresis;

(iii) Influence number;

(c) Explain the limitations of checking shaft alignment solely by hydraulic jacking methods.

Q4. a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an external system for reducing engine NOx emission, explaining the chemistry of the process

b) Explain why Urea is used in the selective catalytic reduction process instead of ammonia.

(c) Explain why the exhaust gas quality must be monitored before and after the selective catalytic reduction unit, stating how such monitoring influences operation of the SCR unit.

Q5. A. (i) Sketch a diagrammatic arrangement of a static or self-excited alternator.; (ii) Describe the operation of the self-excited alternator; B. state why the voltage dip is less in the self-excited alternator than in brushless or conventional alternators.

Q9. List the maintenance routines you plan to carry out on the deck hydraulic cranes, winches and mooring machineries before arrival port after a long voyage, considering the fact that cargo operation is solely dependent on the proper Functioning of the crane and winches.

Q6. Hydrogen damage is a general term used for mechanical damage of metal caused by the

presence of hydrogen, briefly discuss the different types of hydrogen damage and how these damages can be prevented?

a) Hydrogen blistering (4)

b) Hydrogen embrittlement (4)

c) Decarburization (4)

d) Hydrogen attack (4)

Q6. Explain why the bilging of empty double-bottom or deep tanks below the waterline leads to an increase in GM. B. A ship of 10,000 tonnes displacement has GM=0.5 metres. The period of roll in still water is 20 seconds. Find the new period of roll if a mass of 50 tonnes is discharged from a position 14 metres above the centre of gravity.

Q6. A. What are factors on which the speed of a motor depends? Discuss them for series and shunt motors. A shunt motor supplied at 230 V runs at 900 rpm. When the armature current is 30 A, the resistance of the armature circuit is 0.4 , calculate the resistance required in series with the armature circuit to reduce the speed to 500 rpm. Assume that the armature current is 25 Amps.

Q2. With reference to free fall lifeboat of an ocean-going ship:

A. Periodical maintenance, tests and checks on lifeboat and releasing gear.

B. Secondary means of lowering.

C.  Lifeboat Drills.

Q1. Describe, with aid of sketches, a system of turbo-charging a two-stroke cycle main engine. State the routine attention, which should be given to the turbo-charger.

Q6. What is "virtual tappet" in the hydraulically actuated air spring return exhaust valves, and how is it set. Explain why the damage occurs to the seats of the exhaust valves due to furrowing and cutting and how an incident of "valve drop" leading to extensive damage to running gear can occur.

Q7. a) Describe with aid of a line diagram the layout and components of a hydraulic system suitable for the operation of deck machinery (8)

b) Explain how the hydraulic system pressure is controlled assuming the use of a variable delivery pump. (4)

c) State which design of hydraulic motor is used in the system described in (a). (4)

Q8. A. Describe the ways in which an unstable ship can be made stable. B. When a mass of 25 tonnes is shifted 15m transversely across the deck of a ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement, it causes a deflection of 20cms in a plumb line 4m long. If the KM=7 m, calculate the KG

Q7. A. State the hazards which may be encountered when entering an enclosed space and the precautions that should be taken; B. Sketch and describe an oxygen analyser which can be used to sample the atmosphere in void or closed spaces; C. Instruction given to junior as per the ISM procedures.

Q7. A. Derive an expression for the e.m.f induced in an a.c. generator. B. A 3000 KVA, 6 pole alternators runs at 1000 r.p.m in parallel with other machines on 3300 V bus-bars. The synchronous reactance is 25%. Calculate the synchronizing power for one mechanical degree of displacement and the corresponding synchronizing torque.

Q5. A). Describe the procedure for overhauling a boiler safety valve and explain using sketches where necessary, those parts, which require close attention.

B). Describe the procedure for setting of boiler safety valves.

Q5. With reference to the crankshaft and running gear of an engine, explain static balance, Dynamic balance, Torque reaction couple, and Critical speed

Q8. a) Describe the process of correcting a negative GM. (6)

B. A ship 120 m long displaces 10500 tonne and has a wetted surface area of 3000 m2. At 15 knots the shaft power is 4100 kW, propulsive coefficient 0.6 and 55% of the thrust is available to overcome frictional resistance; calculate the shaft power required for a similar ship 140 m long at the corresponding speed.  = 0.42 and n = 1.825  (10)

Q5. With reference to arresting the headway of vessels of considerable mass, give reasoned opinions on EACH of the following statements: A.  Full power availability for astern running of the propeller is inconsequential; B. Results have been disappointing in those instances where rudders have been adapted to act as retarders; C. Discreet use of transverse thrust units may reduce stopping distance.

Q8. A. Explain the purpose of interlopes and state their magnetic polarity relative to the main poles of both generators and motors.

A 200V, long-shunt compound-wound generator has a full-load output of 20kW. The various resistances are as follows; armature (including brush contact) 0.15 ohm, series field 0.025 ohm, interpole field 0.028 ohm, shunt field (including the field-regulator resistance) 115 ohm. The iron losses at full load are 780W, and the friction and wind age losses 590W. Calculate the efficiency at full load.

Q9. Severe engine vibration has recently become evident when the main engine for which you are responsible operates within a certain speed range –

A. State, with reasons, the possible causes of such vibration;

B. State the consequences of operating the engine under such vibratory conditions;

C. Describe the procedure you, as Second Engineer, would implement in order to investigate and rectify the problem.

Q1. (a) Explain the factors you would consider in deciding whether to open up a cylinder unit for overhaul? After opening the unit and preparing for assembly, how would you decide whether to renew or re-use piston rings?

(b) List the causes of piston ring failure which may result in gas leakage or ring breakage.

Q6. Sketch and describe a “fail safe steering gear” suitable for use on a tanker of more than 100,000 T dwt; Explain the sequence of events that take place when an oil leak takes place in one of the hydraulic pipe lines.

Q9. a) Explain why the rudder angle does not normally exceed 35°. (6)

b) A ship of 12000 tonne displacement has a rudder 15m2 in area, whose centre is 5 m below the waterline.  The metacentric height of the ship is 0.3m and the centre of buoyancy is 3.3m below the waterline.  When travelling at 20 knots the rudder is turned through 30 .  Find the initial angle of heel if the force Fn perpendicular to the plane of the rudder is given by: Fa=577 Av2 sin  N, Allow 20% for the race effect. (10)

Q9. A. What are the factors which determine the synchronous speed of a motor? (6)

B. A 72 KVA transformer supplies a heating and lighting load of 12 KW at unity power factor and a motor load of 70 kVA at 0.766 (lagging) power factor; Calculate the minimum rating of the power-factor improvement capacitors which must be connected in the circuit the ensure that the transformer does not become overloaded. (10)

Q3. Explain the purpose of NOx Technical Code and its applicability to marine diesel engines. (7)

b) Explain certification requirements under NOx Technical Code. (6)

c) Explain the purpose of NOx technical file and its importance (6)

Q1. What is understood by risk on board ship? As a 2nd engineer discuss various methods for hazard identification and assessment of risk available on board.

Q4. How is fuel oil injected into the cylinder of a heavy oil two stroke cycle internal combustion engine and how is it ignited? Show by a timing diagram at what point of stroke injection of the fuel begins and ends. Name the engine to which your answer refers. Explain the effect of advancing the timing of injection on: i.  Fuel per brake horse power hour; ii. Exhaust temperature; iii. Cylinder maximum pressure

Q8. Detail the desirable properties of a refrigerant. Make a table and compare following refrigerants for use in a provision cooling plant for a 50000 DWT Oil tanker: R-22, R-134a.

Q10. (A). Compare the effectiveness of a current limiting circuit breaker with that of a HRC fuse. (6)

B. Evaluate for a frequency of 15 kHz, the amplification and the phase difference between input and output signals of a voltage amplifier using a triode having an amplification factor of 48 and a mutual conductance of 1.2 m A/V with an anode-load resistant of 160 k𝛀. The output p.d. is fed by a coupling capacitor of negligible reactance to a subsequent circuit of resistance 480 k𝛀 and the total shunt capacitance is 90µ F. (10)

Q10. A. List the components of residuary resistance. B. The following data are available for a twin-screw vessel:

Calculate the service speed if the brake power for each engine is 3500Kw. The transmission is 3% and the allowances for weather and appendages 30%.