DieselShip's Online Content Library

Q1. (a) What is significance of the area under the curve of statical stability or the GZ curve? Explain using a neat diagram, how this curve is used to assess the stability of the ship against a heeling arm.

(b) In a grain carrier, how the shifting of grain affects the curve of statical stability. With a neat diagram explain the existing minimum criteria for stability of grain carrying ships. (8).

Q1. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of an inert gas smothering system from flue compared to an inert gas generator. Explain why inert gas generator is more advantageous.
Why it is unsuitable for use in machinery spaces. (20)

Q1. (a) Explain how can the cooling spaces within a cylinder jacket be examined without withdrawing the cylinder liner?

(b) To what parts of a cylinder jacket would give attention after removing an old cylinder liner prior to fitting a new one?

(c) What periodic attention must be given to the scavenge air space and piston-rod packing (Stuffing box) at the bottom of a cylinder liner?

Q1. Differentiate with the aid of simple sketches between the following types of electronic circuits;

A. Rectifier circuit;

B. Amplifier circuit;

C. Oscillator circuit.

Q1. Describe the starting and reversing system of an electronically controlled diesel engine and compare with engine having CAM SHAFT and explain the following;

A. Reduction in Air Consumption during Engine Starting;

B. Improved performance during Astern starting and Crash Astern

Q1. With regard to NOx control requirements of Annex VI:

(a)  Explain Tier I, Tier II and Tier III requirements.

(b) Briefly explain NOx technical code and NOx Technical file. What entries are required to make in onboard NOx Technical file.

(c) The control of diesel engine NOx emissions is achieved by what means?

(d) Explain with a simple sketch any two systems for NOx emission reduction.

Q2. State how and why the following machinery items are effected when the maximum service speed of a Vessel is consistently maintained in heavy weather.

A. Intermediate shafting,

B. Propeller shafting,

C. Shafting coupling bolts,

D. Main thrust pads.

Q6. A. Explain the principles underlying the STCW Convention;

B. Explain how as a senior engineer you would implement the regulation for controlling and monitoring of minimum hours of rest for watch keepers;

C. What type of specific shipboard familiarization is required to be given to a seafarer new to a particular type of vessel?

Q2. When ship is in dry dock, as a Second Engineer, describe inspections you would make prior to the start of work, during the work and after completion of the work of the following:

(a) Large sea water inlet chest and valves;

(b) Forward end of ship;

(c) Propeller and stern bush;

Q4. What is the meant by "excitation" in an alternator? With the help of a neat diagram of brushless alternator labelling all the important parts. explain how the excitation is achieved in a brushless alternator.

Q2. Sketch a Main Engine air starting distributor and describe how it operates.

List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in main engine air starting system and state the purpose of each.

Q2. A. Describe the procedure to be adopted for the inspection of a safety valve fitted to an exhaust gas fired auxiliary boiler stating, with reasons, which parts should receive particularly close attention.

B. Describe the procedure for the setting of safety valves of exhaust gas operated auxiliary boilers;

C. Explain the required action a watch-keeping engineer should take after the setting of safety valves as in (B)

Q3: With reference to dry docking, define the responsibility of the second engineer;

A. Prior to docking;

B. Whilst the vessel is in dry dock;

C. Prior to flooding and leaving the dock.

Q8. Explain in detail a fixed gas fire extinguisher system, indicating the quantity of the fire-extinguishing medium, the controls required for the system, installation requirements and training required to bring the system to be readily operated.

Q3. With the aid of a simple sketch, explain the “trouble spots” in a basic air-conditioning unit and with reference to your sketch, explain the following: -

(a). How is capacity control achieved?

(b). How is humidity control achieved & why is it important? How the problem of increase in humidity of cooled air is overcome?

(c). How discomfort caused by the excessive drying effect of heated air is overcome?

(d) Why are generally blower run with v belts? State possible reasons if the blower is vibrating?

Q3. Differentiate between squirrel cage and wound rotor motor of the three phases: a.c. induction. In respect of the following; A. Rotor construction, B. Torque characteristic, C. Speed variation.

Q3. (a) Explain how surging happens in large two stroke main engine’s turbocharger? State possible reasons why turbocharger surges?

(b) Explain the step by step procedure you will follow when the turbocharger turbine blades are damaged and no spares available onboard to overhaul the turbocharger and it warrants to operate the main engine so that vessel reaches safely to port.

Q3. With respect to the properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following terms.

(a) Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Inbox (CCAI).

(b) Open flash point and Closed flash point.

(c) The importance of Sodium to Vanadium Ratio.

(d) Octane Number.

Q4. (a) The stresses acting on a ship during its lifetime can be divided into two categories, with respect to still water stresses and dynamic stresses. State the different stresses in EACH category, explaining how EACH stress is caused.

(b). Explain how the structure is designed to combat longitudinal stresses.

Q4. With respect to the hazardous areas of tankers,

A. Explain the term Intrinsic Safety (Ex i) and flameproof (Ex d) for electrical equipment;

B. State the type of electrical equipment that would be protected in this way.

C. List likely defects of flameproof equipment.

Q4. With reference to Auxiliary boiler safety valves;

A. Describe with the aid of Sketch the safety valve for an auxiliary boiler;

B. Identify with reasons. The parts that require particularly close attention during overhaul;

C. Describe how the safety valves are reset after an overhaul.

Q3. A. Sketch a standby battery charging/discharging circuit;

B. Describe the circuit sketched, making special reference to how battery charge is maintained and how it operates upon loss of main power.

Q4. Explain why auxiliary engine bottom-end bolts are prone to failure, even under normal running conditions. Identify those features, incorporated into the design of bottom-end bolts, to inhibit failure. Explain how this tendency is either aggravated or inhibited during maintenance and what checks are to be carried out

Q4. Describe with a sketch a pneumatic relay and show how feedback can be achieved when such a relay is used in conjunction with a flapper mechanism.

Q5. Show by means of a sketch how transverse force is generated by turning a rudder. How is this force converted to turning moment? Can similar transverse force be generated by a transverse thruster? Where should this be located for maximum turning effect?

Q1. Describe the background, relevance, and key features of the International convention on civil liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001.

Q5. As a second engineer, List out all the hazards identified with regard to cylinder head lifting job during main engine overhaul. explain how do you carry out risk assessment for above mentioned job.

Q5. With reference to Marine Electrical Circuits:

A. Explain three methods of overcurrent protection for electrical circuit.

B. Explain with aid of diagram, the meaning of the term inverse current time characteristic.

Q5. With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain:

A. Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine;

B.  How dead band effects are reduced;

C.  How hunting is reduced;

D.  How the output torque is increased.

Q9. With reference to fatigue of engineering components:

A. Explain the influence of stress level at cyclical frequency on expected operating life.

B. Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of engineering component.

C. State the factors which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of an auxiliary boiler feed water pump shaft and explain how the risk of such cracking can be minimized.

Q6. A ship 90 m long displaces 5200 tonne and floats at draughts of 4.95m forward and 5.35 m aft when in sea water of 1023 kg/m3. The water plane area is 1100m2, GML 95m, LCB 0.6m forward of midships and LCF 2.2m aft of midships. Calculate the new draughts when the vessel moves into fresh water of 1002 kg/m3

Q6. With reference to effluent discharge from the onboard Scrubber:

(a).  What are the alternative arrangements, in case local authorities do not permit this?

(b).What is the difference between open-loop and closed loop Scrubbers, how is the water treatment carried out?

(c) What are the parameters to be checked, with respect to water quality, prior allowing for discharge of effluent overboard?

Q6. With Reference to Main Engine Fuel Pumps.

(a) Explain how the setting of a variable injection timing fuel pump is checked and adjusted.

(b) State why it may be necessary to adjust the settings of a variable injection timed fuel pump.

Q6. A. Explain distribution factor and pitch factor for alternator windings.

B. A 3phase, 4pole 24 slot alternator has its armature coils short pitched by one slot. Find the distribution factor and pitch factor.

Q6. (a) Explain fatigue cracking, stating its causes and propagation.

(b) Explain, how poor maintenance and engine overload may contribute to the risk of fatigue cracking of cylinder head holding studs.

Q6. With reference to electro-hydraulic steering gears:

A. Explain in terms of control parlance, the function of the “Hunting gear”;

B. Explain the consequences if the standby pumping unit is motored;

C. State TWO methods employed to prevent the standby hydraulic pump being motored by the operating unit.

Q8. A. Define longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG) and longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB).

B. The immersed cross-sectional area of a ship 120m long, commencing from aft are 2,40,79,100,103,104,104,103,97, 58 and 0 m2 calculate :

(i) Displacement;

(ii) Longitudinal position of the centre of buoyancy.

Q7. Define briefly the construction details peculiar to each of the following types of closure that enables their primary function to be fully realized:

A. Water tight doors;             B. Fire proof doors; C. Gas tight doors,

D. With reference to above doors, State why (A) can perform function of (B) as well as of (C), whereas function of (B) and (C) are restricted solely to their primary function.

Q7. Describe the action you would take and outline possible reasons for failure in both the following cases:

(a) The engine fails to turn on starting air,           (b) The engine turns on starting air but fails to fire.

Q9. A. Explain the potential hazards if liquid-cooled transformers are used.

B. What are the losses in transformers? Mention the various factors which affect these losses. In a 25 KVA, 3300/233 V, single phase transformer, the iron and full-load Cu. Losses are respectively 350 and 400 watts. Calculate the efficiency at half-full load, 0.8 power factor

Q7. With respect to large two stroke crosshead main engines;

A. Sketch and describe a crosshead designed to prevent or minimize bearing edge loading.

B. State how the arrangement describe a achieves its purpose.

C. What would be an acceptable range of bearing clearance for the top end bearing and bottom end bearings of a large two-stroke marine diesel engine.

Q5. With respect to refrigeration gases used on-board vessels, answer the following:

A. Explain Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) and Global warming potential (GWP) of conventional refrigerant gases.

B. Name the alternate refrigerant gases available and being used onboard.

C. Explain the steps you will take to ensure that release of refrigerant gases from the plant in minimized during normal operation and during maintenance activities.

Q8. A ship 160m long and 8700 tonne displacement floats at a waterline with

While floating at this waterline, the ship develops a list of 10° due to instability. Calculate the negative metacentric height when the vessel is upright in this condition

Q8. With respect to Bunkering operation onboard:

 A) As Second Engineer of a new ship, prepare standing orders for all future bunkering operations onboard.

B.  State why it is very important to obtain a representative sample of heavy fuel oil bunkered and State how a representative sample is obtained

Q8.  Describe the procedure to be undertaken when, upon a routine schedule for changing fuel injector on a main engine, it is found that the injector body is seized and cannot be removed by conventional means

Q8. A. Sketch an arrangement showing the principal of proportional plus integral (P+I) control loop.

B. Compare the series and parallel resonance circuits. Find the frequency at which the following circuit resonates.

Q8. With reference to main boiler super heater arrangements:

(a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design.

(b) How the element tube bank is supported and yet allow for expansion?

(c) How boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness?

Q8. Explain how the ingress of sea water is prevented in an oil lubricated stern bearing system. Should the system fail, describe the corrective action possible whilst the vessel is afloat. State why two stern bearing oil header tanks are fitted in some instances?

Q9. Write reference to gravity life boat davits; state the purpose of the following:

A. Centrifugal brake, B. Dead man’s handle; C. Davit limit switch.

Q9. With respect to Inclining Experiments onboard vessels;

A. Sketch and Describe briefly the inclining experiment and explain how the results are used.

B. A forward deep tank 12 m long extends from a longitudinal bulkhead to the ship’s side. The widths of the tank surface measured from the longitudinal bulkhead at regular intervals are 10, 9, 7, 4 and 1 m. Calculate the second moment of area of the tank surface about a longitudinal axis passing through its centroid.

Q9. With regard to a U.M.S. ship having an automatic fire detection system for the machinery space,

A. Sketch a line diagram of the system showing how shipboard mains supply is fed through battery charger and emergency battery to fire detector heads and fire zone indicator panel and alarms.

B. In the event of a mains supply failure state the length of time for which the emergency battery should be capable of operating the system.

C. Sketch and describe a line termination or method of monitoring the integrity of the system

Q6. (a). Explain the significance of the root- mean- square value of an alternating current or voltage waveform; Define the form factor of such a wave form.

(b). A total load of 8000 kW at 0.8 power factor is supplied by two alternators in parallel. One alternator supplies 6000 kW at 0.9 power factor. Find the kVA rating of the other alternator and the power factor.

Q9. With reference to a large slow speed 2 stroke engine:

(a) Draw a simple sketch (cross section) of a lubricating oil type piston, showing the flow path of Lubricating oil and label the various components of piston.

(b) Explain how the piston’s crown is cooled effectively during the operation of the engine by lubricating oil.

(c) Compare advantages and disadvantages of lubricating oil piston cooling systems with Fresh water piston cooling systems.

Q9. With reference to multi-tubular heat exchangers explain:

(A) How and where impingement attack is likely to occur in the tubes

(B) Why is it desirable that coolant flow rate should not exceed that required to maintain correct fluid temperature

(C) Ample well-shaped water boxes and smooth tube inlets are desirable

(D) Partial obstruction of tube bore is a common cause of tube failure

Q10. (a) What is meant by Quasi Propulsive Coefficient?

A ship of 15000 tonne displacement has mechanical efficiency of the machinery is 83%, shaft losses 6%, propeller efficiency 65% and QPC 0.71. At a particular speed the thrust power is 2550 KW. Calculate: (i) Indicated Power; (ii) Effective power.

Q10. A. Compare the effectiveness of a current limiting circuit breaker with that of a HRC fuse.

B. A coil having a resistance of 10 Ohm, and an inductance of 0.15 H is connected in series with a capacitor across a 100V, 50Hz supply. If the current and the voltage are in phase what will be the value of the current in the circuit and the voltage drop across the coil?