DieselShip's Online Content Library

Q1. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and

(a) Ship’s speed;

(b) the wetted area;

(c) surface roughness;

(d) The length of the vessel.

Q1. A. (i) discuss the various hazards and problems which are associated with electric cable insulation in the event of fire;

(ii) Suggest remedies for these problems.

B. State how the spread of fire may be reduced by the method used for installing electric cables.

Q1. A. As second engineer describe the procedure involved in the complete inspection of a cylinder liner and piston assembly, indicating areas of significant interest.

B. Explain with reasons, possible faults which might be found;

C. Suggest how such faults might be avoided.

Q6. A. Describe how a crank pin bearing of a 2 stroke main propulsion engine is opened up for inspection;

B. Which half of the bearing is subject to greater wear?

C. What are the various causes of wear down of the bearing.

Q3. With reference to radial lip seals for propulsion shafting :

(a)  Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an outboard seal arrangement as fitted to an oil lubricated stern tube;

(b)  Explain, with reasons, the possible actions that should be taken in the event of loss of oil from the header tank.

Q1. With respect to the High Voltage power systems installation, explain the different types of circuit breaker that are used, comparing them on merits and de-merits. Describe the theory of arc phenomenon and the mechanism fitted to mitigate the arc.

Q2. Unit injection is being widely used in many electronically controlled engines. Describe any one such system. What are its advantage compared to the conventional systems?

Q2. With reference to Roll-on Roll-off ferries –

A. Describe the problem of free surface effect;

B. Explain how it is intended that water should be cleared from car or cargo decks;

C. Describe possible methods for improving the stability and survivability of these vessels.

Q2. Write short notes on following:

(a) Role of Classification Society on ship who act as Recognized Organization.

(b) Enhanced survey program (ESP) and its applicability.

(c) Condition of Class (COC).

Q2. Values of some main engine exhaust temperatures displayed in the engine control room differ from those displayed on the engine for the same cylinders.

(a) Explain how it may be determined which readings are inaccurate;

(b) State possible reasons for these inaccurate readings;

(c) Explain how the location of the faults may be detected.

(d). State the periodic checks which should be carried undertaken to ensure that remote engine instrumentation is reading accurately.

Q2. Explain the methods used to control the speed of a 3 Phase induction motors. Draw and Explain a Variable Frequency Drive used for optimization of energy efficiency of auxiliary machineries on board vessels.

Q5. A. State why fixed pitch propellers have a poor efficiency when going astern.

B. With reference to controllable pitch propellers state:

i. Why is it preferable that the main servomotor be housed in the propeller hub rather than in the shafting forward of the propeller shaft?

ii. What regular maintenance and checks should be carried out to ensure maximum reliability of the gear at all times?

Q1. Marine diesel engines run on the diesel cycle. With the introduction of natural gas as marine fuel, Otto cycle is also employed in some engines. Explain the difference between the two cycles and elaborate on the suitability of natural gas as a fuel in such engines. (16)

Q3. (a) Considering the vessel as a compound beam define Bending moment shearing force. Which is the point of Maximum Bending Moment?

(b) Sketch and Describe Hatch coaming of a large bulk carrier.

Q3. With reference to SOLAS Ch-XII (Additional safety measures for bulk carriers);

A. Damage stability requirements for bulk carriers;

B.  Structural requirements for bulk carriers;

C. Water ingress alarms.

Q6. A marine diesel engine fresh water cooler end cover is badly corroded and holed. Other than replacing it, suggest some measures of repairing it (a) while in operation. (b) When not in operation. Repair procedures must be effective. practicable and innovative.

Q3. Diesel electric propulsion is now being chosen as the power plant for an increasingly wide variety of vessels.

(a) Sketch a simple layout of such an installation.

(b) Explain the advantages of selecting such a plant.

Q8. A. State the advantages of using steam turbine propulsion power for vessels carrying LNG cargo. B. With regard to the use of L.N.G. cargo as boiler fuel explain: (i)The safety precautions relating to the gas pipeline supplying the boiler and burning the gas in the boiler, (ii) The means of getting rid of “excess gases” during loading or discharge.

Q4. Referring to latest developments in Turbo charger application in marine diesel engines, write short notes on the following:-

(a) Power turbines Generators.

(b) Hybrid Turbo Chargers.

(c) Electro-assist Turbo chargers.

Q4. As a Second engineer, how will you guide your subordinate engaged in sampling of ballast water as per the Port State Control requirement regarding (i) Discharge line sampling (ii) In-tank sampling (iii) Health and safety protocols during sampling.

Q4. With reference to the prevention of hull corrosion discusses:

A. Surface preparation and painting of new ship plates.

B. Design of the ships structure and its maintenance. C. Catholic protection by sacrificial anodes, of the internal and external areas of the ship.

Q4. (a) Describe the operating mechanism for a watertight door, which has provision for remote closure from the bridge and local operation.

(b) State the source of power for closure of electrical and the source of power for alarm and indicator.

Q4. Briefly explain the objectives of planned preventive maintenance. Indicate the areas where planned preventative maintenance can be applied effectively on ships. How is the work planning and scheduling carried out.

Q4. With reference to preferential tripping in a marine electrical distribution system.

A. With the aid of a sketch, describe a typical arrangement to provide three stages of tripping an instantaneous protection against short circuit.

B. State why this protection is required;

Q5. GHG Ratings of ships have become new industry norms-Discuss various types of GHG Ratings applied to international shipping, with special focus on the role of second engineers in improving GHG ratings of ships.

Q5. With reference to Container Ships :

(a) Describe the problem of Parametric Roll ;

(b) Explain how this problem is suitably addressed in the design and operation of the vessel.

(c) Describe possible methods for improving the stability of these vessels.

Q5. In engine rooms that are operated under UMS conditions describe with the aid of sketches how the following are monitored:

A. The perforation of a high-pressure fuel pipe;

B. The imminence or possibility of a scavenge fire;

C. Condition that may be conducive to a crankcase explosion

Q5. A.  During the weighment of CO2 bottles required for total flooding of Engine room, it was observed that few bottles are less than the original capacity.  State the reasons for the same and checks / tests to be made prior refilling;

B. State how often the CO2 bottles are required to be weighed and pressure tested.

Q5. With reference to the condition monitoring of electrical machinery:

A. State TWO important parameters that may be recorded;

B. Explain how the parameters are measured and what defects may be revealed.

Q3. The analysis of oil may be used as a method of monitoring the condition of the equipment that it lubricates A. Explain briefly how shore analysts might test the oil; B. State the type of information that would be expected; C. Give possible reasons for an excess of: - i. Iron, ii. Copper, iii. Antimony Iv. Tin, v. Silica

Q6. Selective catalytic Reactors (SCR) are being extensively used in marine diesel engines for the compliance of Tier-III NOx emission requirements. Explain various types of SCRs in use with particular focus on the following:-

a) High-Pressure SCRs (HPSCR) vs Low-Pressure SCRs (LPSCR)

b) SCRs with static mixers.

c) SCRs installed upstream the turbocharger(s) Vs downstream turbochargers.

Q6. A. Describe how water tightness is maintained where bulkheads are pierced by longitudinal beams or pipes.

B. A triangular bulkhead is 7 m wide at the top and has a vertical depth of 8 m.  Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position of centre of pressure if the bulkhead is flooded with sea water on only side:

(i) to the top edge,               (ii) with 4 m head to the top edge.

Q6. A. Explain the principles underlying the STCW Convention;

B. Explain how as a senior engineer you would implement the regulation for controlling and monitoring of minimum hours of rest for watch keepers;

C. What type of specific shipboard familiarization is required to be given to a seafarer new to a particular type of vessel?

Q6.(a) Suggest four reasons why the temperature of the oil in the steering gear system may  become excessive.

(b) With reference to steering gears explain how the ship may be steered in each of the following circumstances;

(i) destruction by fire of the primary supply cable;

(ii) destruction by fire of the telemotor lines;

(iii) bearing failure in the running pump;

Q6. A. What are the characteristics of PN junction diode? Point out its specifications. Also point out the significance of dynamic and static resistances.

B. Draw the circuit of Half-wave rectifier and its output waveform. A diode whose internal resistance is 20 is to supply power to 1000 load from 110 V (RMS) source. Calculate

(i) peak load current, (ii) DC load current, (iii) AC load current.

Q2. Cast iron is most widely used metal after steel in Marine Engineering. Most cast irons consist of graphite in steel like matrix. Discuss the variation of properties that may arise with reference to pearlitic grey cast iron and spherical grey cast iron. Describe briefly the treatment necessary to produce these two types of Irons.

Q7. During morning inspection after an overnight period of UMS operation the following changes were detected:

(a) A slight but perceptible change in engine noise

(b) An alternation in engine speed.

(c) A change in exhaust temperature spread pattern.

Explain, with reasons, the possible causes of each such changes, indicating how normal operations might be restored.

Q7. What are the major types of stainless steels used on merchant ships? Briefly explain each type. Which grades would you recommended for use in sea water environment? Why?

Q7: An oil tanker 160m long and 22m beam floats at a draught of 9m in seawater. Cw is 0.865. The midships section is in the form of a rectangle with 1.2m radius at the bilges. A midships tank 10.5m long has twin longitudinal bulkheads and contains oil of 1.4 m3/t to a depth of 11.5m. The tank is holed to the sea for the whole of its transverse section.  Find the new draught.

Q7. Name various statutory Certificates and Documents to be carried on board Crude Oil Tankers giving a reference to the conventions and justify for their requirement. (20)

Q7. During the overhaul of medium- speed auxiliary diesel generator you find that the white metal of one of the bottom end bearings has cracked. Explain how you would fit a spare bearing and enumerate the various tests you would carry before putting the machine back into service.

Q7. A. Describe the no-load saturation characteristic of a d.c. generator.

B. A d.c. motor takes an armature current of 110 A at 480 V. The resistance of the armature circuit is 0.2 . The machine has six poles and the armature is lap-connected with 864 conductors. The flux per pole is 0.05 Wb. Calculate;

(i) The speed;

(ii) The gross torque developed by the armature.

Q8. Explain the reason, why the modern camshaft-less engines are known as intelligent engines. Describe briefly, the advantages and reliability of such an engine in comparison with the conventional marine diesel engines.

Q8: A. What is meant by the Admiralty Coefficient and the Fuel Coefficient?

B. A slip of 14900 tonne displacement has a shaft power of 4460 Kw at 14.55 knots. The shaft power is reduced to 4120 kW and the fuel consumption at the same displacement is 541 kg/h. Calculate the fuel coefficient for the ship.

Q8. Explain the principle of port State control and give in detail the verification the State control Officer may carry out with particular reference to the following:

A. Emergency generator;

B. Main switchboard;

C. Lifeboat;

D. Oily water separator;

E. Navigational lighting.

Q8. For vapour compression refrigeration machine, state how each of the following faults are indicated and how they are remedied:

(a) air in the system;

(b) Moisture in the system;

(c) undercharge;

(d) overcharge;

Q8. A. What is a commutator? Discuss its rectifying action in detail.

B. Calculate the e.m.f. generated by a 4-pole, wave wound armature having 40 slots with 18 conductors per slot when driven at 1000 r.p.m. The flux per pole is 0.015 wb.

Q7. Discuss the causes of corrosion and the means by which corrosion of the following may be limited by manufacturers and ship’s personnel respectively:

A. Internal and External surfaces of auxiliary steam lines;

B. External surfaces of auxiliary boilers;

C. Water boxes of seawater coolers and condensers;

D. Main sea water inlet pipes.

Q9. (a) Explain the principles behind de-rating a ship propulsion engine and the benefits. Can a derated engine be run at full power? If yes, under what conditions?

(b) Briefly explain approved procedures for de-rating of an existing propulsion engine.

Q9. (a) What different methods are used for preserving ship’s hull during service. What type of antifouling coats are used.

(b) State what materials are being banned by international regulation for use in Antifouling coats and the reason for banning.

(c) Discuss briefly how does paint coating on deck differ from that on super structure.

Q9. The ½ ordinates of a water plane at 15m intervals, commencing from aft, ar. 1, 7, 10.5, 11, 11, 10.5, 8, 4 and 0m. Calculate:

(a). TPC;

(b). Distance of the centre of flotation from midships.

(c). Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis through the centre of flotation.

Q9. A. State the instructions you as Second Engineer will give to watch keepers with respect to boiler uptake fire;

B. State how the incidence of uptake fires may be minimized.

C. State the reasons for blow-back from the furnace of an auxiliary boiler.

D. State the standing instructions you might have received from your Chief Engineer With respect to the avoidance of boiler furnace blow-back.

Q9. Write short note on the followings –

A. Metal – locking;

B.TIG and MIG welding;

C. Brazing;

D. Soldering.

Q9. A. Discuss different methods of speed control of a d.c. series motor by adjusting field ampere turns.

B. A 230 V, d.c. shunt motor runs at 1000 r.p.m and takes 5 amperes. The armature resistance of the motor is 0.025𝛀 and shunt field resistance is 230𝛀. Calculate the drop in speed when the motor is loaded and takes the line current of 41 amperes. Neglect armature reaction.

Q10. a) Describe the various resistances acting against the motion of the ship?

The following data are available from the hydrostatic curves of a vessel.

Calculate the TPC at a draught of 5.05m.

Q10. A. Why is a synchronous motor not self-starting? What are the various ways in which it can be started?

B. A 500V, single phase synchronous motor gives a net output mechanical power of 7.46kW and operates at 0.9 power factor lagging. Its effective resistance is 0.8 . If the iron and friction losses are 500 w and excitation losses are 800w, calculate the armature current and the commercial efficiency.