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Q8. Explain why the bilging of empty double-bottom tanks that are wholly below the waterline leads to an increase in GM. (6)

b. A ship of 22000 tonne displacement is 160 m long and MCTI cm 280tonne m, waterplane area 3060 m2 centre of buoyancy 1 m aft of midships and centre of flotation 4 m aft of midships. It floats in water of 1.007 t/ m3 at draughts of 8.15 m forward and 8.75 m aft.

Calculate the new draughts if the vessel moves into sea water of 1.026 t/ m2