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Q2. With reference to surveys carried out by classification societies, explain the following:

(a) Why a Class Certificate is issued to a newly built ship after satisfactory completion of surveys and Sea trials? What is the purpose of maintaining a Class Certificate for existing ships as well?

(b) Name various Statutory Certificates that are issued to a vessel after meeting the requirements of SOLAS.

(c) Is it necessary to call for a class surveyor attendance after repairs or alteration to the ship's structure? If so, why?

(d) Describe the requirement of initial and periodic survey with respect to Load Lines