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Q4. Guidelines on Maritime Cyber Risk Management are laid down in MSC. FAL.1/Circ.3, Considering these guidelines elaborate following:

(a) Name all the onboard systems which are prone of cyber risks due to vulnerabilities created by accessing, interconnecting or networking of such systems,

(b) Explain the Elements of Cyber risk management .

(c) With regard to resolution MSC. 428(98) on cyber risk management, what requirement is made mandatory for shipping companies ( Company holding Document of compliance). Specify since when this requirement is enforced.