Q9. A) Describe with the aid of a sketch the general arrangement of an oil monitoring system;
B. State the inputs that are recorded;
C. Differentiate between monitoring chambers using direct light and those using scattered light
D) Explain the problem to be overcome in the design of monitoring systems.
Q5. Regarding the carriage of crude oil and its associated products:
a) (i) State the dangers involved.
(ii) State what publications give guidance on safety.
b) Sketch and describe the operation of an explosimeter suitable for testing pump rooms or tanks.
c) Define the terms lower and upper flammable limits Illustrating your answer by means rough sketch of a hydrocarbon vapour oxygen graph.
Q9. a) Identify and explain the primary causes of VOC emissions in oil tankers. Discuss how these emissions occur during various stages of the shipping process, including loading, transportation, and unloading. (7)
b) Discuss the health risks associated with VOC emissions for both humans and marine life and its impact on air quality, climate change, and marine ecosystems. (6)
c) Describe various methods and technologies used to prevent VOC emissions in oil tankers and discuss the effectiveness of these prevention measures. (7)
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