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Q6.  With regard to ballast water Management Convention, Explain following:

(a) Ballast water exchange standard     (b) Ballast water Performance standard

(c) Treatment methods for ballast water

(d) Approval methods for treatment system using active and non-active substances

(e) What are the marine pollution problems related to port development such as ballast water, dredging and spills from ships.

Q6 A new instrument by IMO ‘For the Control and Management of ships Ballast Water and sediments’ will be in force soon. In relation to this discuss the following.

A. The need for such a convention. (6)

B. What are the options available for treatment of Ballast Water, and the methods being used presently? (8)

C. What are the responsibility as a flag State and port State? (6)

Q3. With regard to ballast water Management Convention, Explain following:

(a) Ballast water exchange standard. (4)

(b) Ballast water Performance standard. (4)

(c) Treatment methods for ballast water. (4)

(d) Approval methods for treatment system using active and non-active substances. (4)

Q7. a) Explain the purpose and objectives of the Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention, Describe the D-1 and D-2 standards specified under the convention, highlighting the key differences between them. (10)

b) Describe the ballast water exchange methods used on board ships. Explain the three main methods and discuss the precautions and limitations associated with each. (10)