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Q4. a) What are the advantages of corrugated bulkheads? (6)

b) Sketch and describe a corrugated transverse watertight bulkhead (10)

Q2. (a) Describe in detail how brittle fracture is instrumental in causing failure of materials. (6) (b) Describe how a material is tested to assess the resistance to this type of failure. (4)

(c) Suggest where this type of failure would be likely and explain how the likelihood of failure is reduced. (6)

Q3. With reference to hull protection against corrosion and fouling, write a brief explanation of each of the following:

(a) Sacrificial anodes (6)

(b) Impressed Current system (6)

(c) Means of preventing marine growth and fouling (4)

Q4. Define the following stating how they affect the ship structure and what component parts of the ship structure help to resist the effect:

(a) Racking (4)

(b) Panting (4)

(c) Pounding (4)

(d) Vibration from engine and propellers. (4)

Q4.a) What is the fundamental purpose of a ‘Load line’ marking on ships? (5)

b) Sketch and describe the features of a ‘Load line’ marking. (6)

c) Name five conditions that must be met before freeboard is assigned to a ship. (5)

Q8. (a) Explain why the draught of a ship decreases when it passes from fresh water to seawater and vice versa (6)

(b) A bulkhead 9 m deep is supported by vertical stiffeners 750 mm apart. The bulkhead is flooded to the top edge with sea water on one side only. Calculate: (10)

(a) Shearing force at top

(b) Shearing force at bottom

(c) Position of zero shear

Q6. (a) What is the purpose of conducting an inclining experiment on a new vessel? (6)

(b) When a mass of 6t is moved transversely through a certain distance on a ship of 4300t displacement, the deflection of an 11m pendulum is found to be 120 mm. The transverse meta-centre is 7.25 m above the keel and KG 5.46 m. Find the distance through which 6t was moved. (10)

Q9. A hopper barge of box form 50 m long and 10 m wide floats at a draught of 2 m in seawater when the hopper, which is 15 m long and 5 m wide, is loaded with mud having relative density twice that of the seawater, to the level of the waterline. Doors in the bottom of the hopper are now opened allowing the mud to be discharged. Calculate the new draught. (16)

Q6.a) Sketch and describe the midship section of a bulk carrier, labelling the structural members. (6)

b) A vessel 40 m long has a constant cross-section in the form of a trapezoid 10 m wide at the top, 6 m wide at the bottom and 5 m deep. It floats in sea water at a draught of 4 m. Calculate its displacement. (10)