Q1. How can Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies be integrated into training, operations and maintenance practices within the maritime industry to enhance safety, efficiency and decision-making? What are the potential challenges and benefits of implementing these technologies on board vessels or at maritime facilities? (16)
Q2. Ammonia is widely discussed as a sustainable fuel for future maritime applications Discuss with specific references to technical, operational, safety and commercial viability of Ammonia as a marine fuel.
Q5. Optimization of hull Forms is recognized as means to improve energy efficiency of ships.
Discuss scope and impact of optimization of the following in improving energy efficiency of ship :(i) Forebody optimization (ii) Aftbody Optimization (iii) Twin Skeg Design.
Q4.a) Describe the purpose of the SUA Convention and discuss its importance in enhancing maritime security. (6)
b) Explain the main offenses addressed by the 1988 SUA Convention and its 2005 Protocol. How do these amendments reflect evolving security concerns in the maritime industry? (10)
Q5.a) Explain the primary objectives of the International Convention on Salvage, 1989. How does this convention aim to balance the interests of Salvors and vessel owners? (6)
b) Discuss the significance of Articles 13 and 14 of the Salvage Convention. Specifically, explain the criteria for determining the reward under Article 13 and describe the provisions of article 14 regarding “Special Compensation” for preventing or minimizing environmental damage. (10)
Q6.a) Define P&I insurance and H&M insurance, outlining the main differences between them in terms of coverage and purpose within the maritime industry. Why are both types of insurance essential for shipowners? (8)
b) Discuss the typical risks covered by P&I insurance and H&M insurance. Provide examples of incidents where each type of insurance would respond, highlighting their roles in managing liabilities and operational risks. (8)
Q7. Briefly discuss the IMO decarbonisation ambitions and pathways with focus on the short term, mid-term and long-term goals. Explain the two short-term measures approved by the IMO for implementation with their guidelines. (16)
Q6. (a) It is common statement that ‘80% of accidents are caused due to human errors, discuss the term ‘human error’ referred to here of a complex hierarchical socio-technical system (8)
(b) The terms human element, human error and human factors have often been used interchangeably in relation with the maritime incidents/accidents. How in your opinion do these terms differ? Discuss with suitable examples. (8)
Q9. With reference to the modern analysis techniques employed for the condition analysis of Lubricating Oil, briefly discuss following (16)
a) Elemental (Spectrometric) Analysis
b) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
c) Particle Count
d) Base Number Vs Acid Number
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